In drawing, there are typically two ways to approach shading: continuous tone and half tone.
Continuous tone is a method where gray tones are actually used. This can be achieved with pencil, pastel, color pencil, or charcoal by simply varying pressure on the paper. With ink, water or a thinner must be added.
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| "Silver Ghost 1" by A. McEwen, 1992, pencil on paper. |
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| "Silver Ghost 2" by A. McEwen, 1992, ink wash on paper.
Half Tone is a method where only one tone is used to achieve a shaded effect, usually black.
There are two general ways to shade in half tone: Hatching/crosshatching and pointalism. Hatching/crosshatching is the use of lines to render shaded areas in a drawing. The closer the lines are drawn, the darker the area appears. These lines can be crossed to darken the area even more. 
"Silver Ghost 3" by A. McEwen, 1992, Pen and Ink on paper.
The direction and evenness of the lines can be drawn in a variety of ways to change the overall feel of the drawing.
Pointillism is the deliberate grouping of dots to show lights and darks in a drawing. The closer the dots, the darker the area appears.
"Silver Ghost 4" by A. McEwen, 1992, Pen and Ink on paper.
New students this week are responsible for the following assignments:
1. Draw three five step value scales on a 12"x18" drawing paper. One will be continuous tone in pencil, one pointillism with black marker, and one hatching/crosshatching with black ball
point pen.
  
2. Students will draw a self portrait with shading using one of the methods learned this week.
Advanced students are responsible for the following assignment this week:
1. Students will create four identical drawings whose realism (no cartoons) draws heavily from lights and shadows (shading). Each drawing will rendered in one of these four styles: pointillism, continuous tone, hatching/crosshatching, and ink wash.
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